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Behavioral Healthcare For
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FAQ: Stress Response to Traumatic Events
Table of Contents
What happens... ?Shock and denial are typical responses to disaster and other kinds of trauma,
especially shortly after the event. Both shock and denial are normal protective reactions. Feelings become intense and sometimes are unpredictable. You may become more irritable than usual, and your moods may change back and forth dramatically. You might be especially anxious or nervous, or even become depressed. Thoughts and behavior patterns are affected by the trauma. You might
have repeated and vivid memories of the event. These flashbacks may occur for no apparent
reason and may lead to physical reactions such as rapid heart beat or sweating. Recurring emotional reactions are common. Anniversaries of the event, such as one month or one year, as well as reminders such as aftershocks from earthquakes or the sounds of sirens, can trigger upsetting memories of the traumatic experience. These "triggers" may be accompanied by fears that the stressful event will be repeated. Interpersonal relationships often become strained. Greater conflict such as more frequent arguments with family members and coworkers, is common. On the other hand, you might become withdrawn and isolated and avoid yo0ur usual activities. Physical symptoms may accompany the extreme stress. For example, headaches, nausea and chest pain may result and may require medical attention. Pre-existing medical conditions may worsen due to the stress. Back to Top
How do people respond over time ?It is important for you to realize that there is not one "standard" pattern
of reaction to the extreme stress of traumatic experiences. Some people respond
immediately, while others have delayed reactions - sometimes months or even years later.
Some have adverse effects for long periods of time, while others recover rather quickly. A number of factors tend to affect the length of time required for recovery, including:
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How should I... ?There are a number of steps you can take to help restore emotional well being and a senses of control following a disaster or other traumatic experience, including the following:
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How do I take care of children's special needs ?The intense anxiety and fear that often follow a disaster or other traumatic event can
be especially troubling for children. Some may regress and demonstrate younger behaviors
such as thumb sucking or bed wetting. Children may be more prone to nightmares and fear of
sleeping alone. Performance in school may suffer. Other changes in behavior patterns may
include throwing tantrums more frequently, or withdrawing and becoming more solitary.
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When should I seek professional help ?Some people are able to cope effectively with the emotional and physical demands brought about by a natural disaster or other traumatic experience by using their own support systems. It is not unusual, however, to find that serious problems persist and continue to interfere with daily living. For example, some may feel overwhelming nervousness or lingering sadness that adversely affects job performance and interpersonal relationships. Individuals with prolonged reactions that disrupt their daily functioning should consult with a trained and experienced mental health professional. Appropriately trained mental health providers help educate people about normal responses to extreme stress. These professionals work with individuals affected by trauma to help them find constructive ways of dealing with the emotional impact. With children, continual and aggressive emotional outbursts, serious problems at school, preoccupation with the traumatic event, continued and extreme withdrawal, and other signs of intense anxiety or emotional difficulties all point to the need for professional assistance. A qualified mental health professional can help such children and their parents understand and deal with thoughts, feelings and behaviors that result from trauma. Back to Top
ResourcesLocal chapters of the American Red Cross may be able to direct you to additional resources. Check your local telephone directory for the chapter nearest you. National Association of Victims Assistance "After Disaster: Steps You Can Take to Cope With a Stressful Situation", "Coping With Emotions After a Disaster", "Helping Children Cope" |
the degree of intensity and loss. Events that last longer and pose a greater
threat, and where loss of life or substantial loss of property is involved, often take
longer to resolve.
